Papilledema

Papilledema manifests as optic disc swelling due to elevated intracranial pressure, potentially leading to vision impairment if untreated. It typically affects both eyes and stems from increased pressure transmitted through the optic nerve sheath, which connects to the brain's protective coverings. Symptoms include blurred vision, morning headaches, nausea, and sometimes pulsatile tinnitus. Diagnosis involves a thorough eye examination revealing swollen optic discs with blurred margins and engorged retinal veins. Imaging like MRI or CT scans helps pinpoint the cause of raised pressure. Treatment focuses on managing the underlying condition causing the pressure increase, often involving medication or surgery for severe cases to prevent permanent vision loss.