Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca, commonly known as dry eye syndrome, is a condition where the eyes do not produce enough tears or have a poor quality tear film, leading to dryness and discomfort. It often results in symptoms such as a gritty sensation, burning, itching, redness, and sensitivity to light. Causes can include aging, hormonal changes, certain medications, environmental factors (like dry climates or prolonged screen use), autoimmune diseases (such as Sjögren's syndrome), or structural issues with the eyelids or tear glands. Diagnosis involves a comprehensive eye exam, including tests to measure tear production and assess the quality of tears. Management typically includes artificial tears, lifestyle modifications (like using a humidifier or taking breaks from screens), medications to reduce inflammation, and in severe cases, procedures to conserve tears or improve tear production. Managing underlying conditions contributing to dry eye is also crucial for effective treatment.