Hypertensive Retinopathy

Hypertensive retinopathy occurs when high blood pressure damages the delicate blood vessels in the retina, the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. Prolonged hypertension causes these vessels (arterioles) to narrow, thicken, and become less flexible. This reduces blood flow to the retina, leading to symptoms such as blurred vision, headaches, and, in severe cases, vision impairment or even blindness.

The condition is classified into different stages based on the extent of damage, ranging from mild narrowing of arterioles (grade 1) to more severe signs like hemorrhages, exudates, and swelling of the optic nerve head (grades 2-4). Timely detection through regular eye exams is crucial for early intervention. Treatment involves managing blood pressure effectively through lifestyle changes and medications prescribed by a healthcare provider specializing in hypertension and its ocular complications. This approach aims to prevent progression and preserve vision integrity.