Behçet’s disease (BD) is a rare, chronic, multisystem inflammatory disorder that primarily affects blood vessels of all sizes. Clinically, it is characterised by recurrent oral and genital ulcers, skin lesions, and ocular involvement, particularly uveitis, which can [....] » Read More
Our aim in this study is to evaluate peripapillary and macular blood flow in patients diagnosed with non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NA-AION) and to compare them with the healthy eyes of the patients and healthy individuals. 20 patients older than 50 years of age diagno [....] » Read More
Background: This randomized cross-over study focused on the use of an eyelid-warming device (Blephasteam®) which can monitor heat therapy during a period of time in an enclosed environment as a treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). According to the inconclusive asso [....] » Read More
26 year old male presented to the outpatient department of our clinic with complaints of blurred vision in right eye for past 1 week. It was insidious in onset, and gradual without any associated redness or pain . There was no history of any ocular or head trauma. He did not have [....] » Read More
Background: Declining confidence in ophthalmology among junior doctors suggests a gap in the medical school curriculum (Scantling-Birch et al., 2022). Limited GMC guidance (Kanagasundaram et al., 2025) and discrepancies (Devine, O et al., 2020) between undergraduate teaching wors [....] » Read More
Background: Declining confidence in ophthalmology among junior doctors suggests a gap in the medical school curriculum (Scantling-Birch et al., 2022). Limited GMC guidance (Kanagasundaram et al., 2025) and discrepancies (Devine, O et al., 2020) between undergraduate teaching wors [....] » Read More
The convergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and vision is not merely a contemporary phenomenon but is deeply rooted in the shared origins of both disciplines. This paper traces the evolution of this intersection, from the pioneering neurophysiological research of Hubel and Wi [....] » Read More
Aims: Newborn eye screening is a non-invasive and vital tool for detecting serious ocular conditions such as congenital cataracts, retinoblastoma, congenital glaucoma. Eye development is complex, and can be affected by genetic, infective and environmental factors. Prompt identifi [....] » Read More
Purpose: The study aimed to determine the effect of low hypermetropia correction and orthoptic exercises on binocular visual function and vision parameters in children with symptomatic convergence insufficiency. Methods: The study was designed a prospective, randomized intervent [....] » Read More
Introduction: An attempt was made to describe the specificity of children's visual functioning with developmental epileptic encephalopathy resulting from mutations in the STXBP1 gene. Methods: The study included 26 patients from the Polish STXBP1 population (11 men and [....] » Read More
Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis (EV) is a rare autosomal recessive dermatological genetic disorder of the immune system, primarily affecting the extremities of the limbs. Presentations with involvement of the face and other regions of the body is rare, especially the periocular r [....] » Read More
A dacryocystocele is a rare congenital disorder characterized by a unilateral, translucent bluish cystic mass below the medial canthus. Patients typically present with watering of the affected eye. This paper describes a 2 year old female who came in with a mass below the right m [....] » Read More
Background: Rubeosis iridis, characterized by neovascularization of the iris and anterior chamber angle, presents significant clinical risks including neovascular glaucoma, vision loss, and ocular discomfort. Timely diagnosis and intervention are critical components of effective [....] » Read More
Aim: To provide an educational update on the presentation and management of common vitreoretinal disease. Methods: Lesions covered include peripheral retinal degeneration, posterior vitreous detachment (PVD), retinal breaks, retinal detachment, macular hole and epireti [....] » Read More
Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) is a rare, maternally inherited mitochondrial genetic disorder characterized by sudden, painless vision loss. The disease has a significant unmet medical need and is primarily caused by three mitochondrial DNA point mutations: G3460A, G117 [....] » Read More
Several neurodegenerative diseases, including glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration all involve retinal cell death. Reliable experimental models of such diseases are important for developing novel therapeutic strategies and for assessing the efficac [....] » Read More
Topic: This scoping review synthesizes existing evidence on the ocular health status of homeless or marginally housed (HMH) adults, highlighting the prevalence of visual impairment, ocular pathologies, and barriers to accessing care. Clinical Relevance: HMH adults are disproport [....] » Read More
Introduction: This case report discusses a patient presenting with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) unresponsive to oral or intravenous treatment, necessitating urgent cyclodiode intervention. Initial investigations revealed the possibility of either uveal melanoma or supracho [....] » Read More
Introduction: NHS cataract service delivery has been increasingly challenged by rising demand, resources constraints, the pandemic, and the expansion of independent sector providers (ISPs). This study aims to assess whether there has been a shift towards managing more non-routine [....] » Read More
Background: Non-infectious uveitis encompasses a spectrum of intraocular inflammatory diseases involving the uveal tract, retina, vitreous, and optic nerve. Complications such as cystoid macular oedema (CME), cataract, and secondary glaucoma contribute to nearly 10% of legal [....] » Read More
Aim: To evaluate the impact of the Iluvien implant on patient-reported quality of life in individuals with macular oedema. This study assessed changes in health status across functional, psychological, and visual domains using the EQ-5D-5L and EQ-VAS instruments. Methods:&n [....] » Read More
Introduction: Big Data and AI are transforming ophthalmology, particularly in the early detection of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Leveraging vast datasets and machine learning, these technologies enhance diagnostic accuracy and accessibility. However, ethical concerns regardin [....] » Read More
Optogenetic therapy holds great potential for treatment of late-stage photoreceptor degenerative diseases. However, clinical translation of such therapeutic candidates is usually impeded by inconsistency in evaluation of visual function between preclinical models and clinical pra [....] » Read More
Title : Rare and interesting case of Goldenhar’s syndrome in a 3 years old male child
Gowhar Ahmad, Florence Hospital Srinagar, India
It was an Austrian ophthalmologist, Maurice Goldenhar, who in 1850 first described a syndrome complex characterized by congenital presence of limbal dermoid with congenital associated presence of preauricular skin tag or appendage. Sometimes, there is presence of squint, anophth [....] » Read More
Title : Evaluating the quality and readability of AI chatbot responses to frequently asked questions on basal cell carcinoma: Implications for patient education and digital health communication
Arrane Selvamogan, Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, United Kingdom
Background: Artificial intelligence (AI)-powered chatbots are increasingly used to deliver health information, providing real-time, accessible responses to patient queries. Concerns persist about the clarity, accuracy, and credibility of AI-generated medical content, especia [....] » Read More
Title : Evaluating the quality and readability of AI-generated ophthalmic surgery education: A four-model comparison
Arrane Selvamogan, Leicestershire Partnership NHS Trust, United Kingdom
Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) tools, particularly large language models (LLMs), are increasingly utilised to provide health information, with patients seeking simplified explanations of surgical procedures. In ophthalmology, the readability and reliability of AI-g [....] » Read More
Title : SUMOylation is a translatable target in hypoxic MNPs regulating retinal vasculopathy
Xufang Sun, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
Retinal vasculopathies pose devastating threat to human health. While anti-VEGF therapy situates the first-line treatment for patients, the clinical efficacy is limited by suboptimal response and potential risks raised by the long-term high-dosage use. Neurovascular unit (NVU) un [....] » Read More
Title : Subthreshold micropulse laser for residual subretinal fluid after vitrectomy in myopic tractional maculopathy? A randomized controlled trial
Zhang Xifang, Beijing Tongren Hospital, China
Myopic tractional maculopathy (MTM) represented by macular schisis is the main cause of visual impairment in high myopia patients. Therapeutically, vitrectomy can make the retina more elastic and easier to reattach by removing the vitreous cortex and/or the internal limiting memb [....] » Read More
Title : Optical coherence tomography angiography of retinal microvasculature in diabetic eyes without retinopathy undergoing cataract surgery: A prospective observational study
Yeddula Venkata Rohith Reddy, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, India
Background: In diabetic patients without retinopathy, unexplained suboptimal visual recovery following cataract surgery remains a clinical challenge. While retinal microvascular alterations may exist prior to visible diabetic retinopathy (DR), their subclinical detection and [....] » Read More
Title : The emotional retina: Revealing invisible suffering through retinal vascular biomarkers in young adults using octa — A new era in Psych-Ophthalmology
Yeddula Venkata Rohith Reddy, Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, India
Purpose: To investigate whether the human retina can serve as a non-invasive mirror of emotional suffering, even in individuals with perfect vision. This study introduces the concept of the “Emotional Retina” and explores retinal vascular changes a [....] » Read More
Title : Corneal blindness can be prevented-right decision, right action is the need of the hour
Kandagadla Jyoti, MTMC, India
Introduction: Corneal blindness accounts to 3.2 to 5.1 % of all cases of blindness worldwide. A wide variety of diseases and conditions can cause corneal blindness. In this presentation I would like to summarise the various causes, methods to prevent them and the role [....] » Read More
Title : Results of operation klaro phase 2: Extent of Low-Vision Disability (LVD) in rural Mindanao Philippines
Archie D Bunani, Mission Family Infirmary, Philippines
Background The risk of developing low-vision disability (LVD) in all population begins in the womb as the fetus develops its neurobiology. There has been no single recommendation for the screening of LVD among infants, children, and adults as attention to this case in the [....] » Read More
Title : Visual and structural outcomes in intermediate dry age-related macular degeneration following sub-tenon stem cell therapy: A case report
Shahzoda, Central Asian University, Uzbekistan
Background: Intermediate-stage dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) remains a major cause of irreversible central vision loss, with no approved treatments capable of restoring photoreceptors. Regenerative strategies—such as stem cell delivery and allogenic biomaterial [....] » Read More
Title : Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery (MIGS) with iStent inject W in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG): Clinical outcomes and best practices
Peng Lu, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, China
Object: Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) remains a leading cause of irreversible blindness, with minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) emerging as a pivotal strategy for early-stage management. This study aims to evaluate the clinical outcomes and safety of iStent Inject W [....] » Read More
Title : Visual functions and anterior ocular surface changes post-trans-epithelial photo refractive keratectomy
Elnzeer Hussain Essa Mohammed, My sight optical, Sudan
Purpose: To assess the impact of Trans-PRK on visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, spherical aberration, tear stability, corneal surface and thickness. Method: A quantitative, comparative, and prospective case study was conducted in the Kingdom of Saudia Arabia after receiving [....] » Read More
Title : Relationship between tear meniscus parameters and nasal anatomy: Does nasal septum deviation affect tear parameters?
Bilgehan Erduran, Malatya State Hospital, Turkey
Purpose: To investigate whether nasal anatomical alterations associated with nasal septum deviation (NSD) contribute to early functional impairment in the lacrimal drainage system, potentially indicating subclinical stages of primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction (PANDO) [....] » Read More
Title : Long-term outcomes of pediatric Vogt-koyanagi-harada Disease
Abeer Habeeb Almutairi, King Khalid Eye Specialist Hospital, Saudi Arabia
Purpose: To study the clinical presentation, outcomes, and factors affecting the final visual outcome of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease in the pediatric age group. Methods: Pediatric patients who were diagnosed with VKH at King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital (KKESH) betwee [....] » Read More
Title : Tiny eyes , big battles - Rare case of 4-months old
Trupti Sute, Government Medical College, India
Retinoblastoma is the most common ocular malignancy of childhood. Although retinoblastoma primarily affects younger children, it is very rare below 1 year of age. A 4-months-old girl child presented with leukocoria in her right eye since 2 months. Posterior segment examination re [....] » Read More
Title : Pattern of uveitis in a secondary eye care center at panipat, haryana
Kritika Garg, HV Desai Eyecare Center Pune, India
Background: Uveitis pattern varies according to regional, demographic, and racial factors. Therefore, an epidemiological study of the distribution of uveitis in various regions in India is likely to provide valuable information. There is no study available on the pattern of uveit [....] » Read More
Title : Experimental study on the effect of PINK1-mediated mitophagy on diabetic retinal neuroglial network lesions
Xiangxia Luo , 2Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, China
Objective: To explore the role of mitophagy in diabetic retinal neuroglial network lesions and analyze its mechanisms. Methods Experimental study. SD rat retinal müller cells (rMCs) were cultured in vitro, and the cells were divided into control (Control), hyperosmosis (HP), [....] » Read More
Title : Clinical research on the efficacy of yishi mingmu pills combined with yishi tongluo exercises in the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents
Xiangxia Luo , 2Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, China
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Yishi Mingmu Pills (a traditional Chinese medicine formulation) combined with Yishi Tongluo Exercise (a modified eye exercise) in children with early myopia and mild myopia due to deficiency of heart yang. Methods: A randomised controlled [....] » Read More
Title : Intravitreal dexamethasone implant versus ranibizumab versus ranibizumab combined with dexamethasone implant for macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion
Xiubin Ma, Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, China
Purpose: To compare the efficacy of intravitreal injection (IV) ranibizumab, ranibizumab plus dexamethasone implants (R + DEX), and DEX for macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO-ME). Methods: This was a double-blinded, randomized, comparative study. Two hundre [....] » Read More
Title : Targeting the ALKBH5-ERK1/2 epitranscriptomic axis: A novel therapeutic strategy for myopia intervention
Jiru Zhu, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, China
Global myopia prevalence has reached epidemic proportions with limited therapeutic options. This study investigates retinal epitranscriptomic alterations in myopia pathogenesis through integrated clinical and experimental approaches. Clinically, we analyzed peripheral blood N6 [....] » Read More
Title : Barriers to essential eyecare service by visually impaired people and the impact of war in fragile conflict-affected tigray region, Ethiopia
Abeba Tesfay Gessesse, Mekelle University, Ethiopia
Background: Ethiopia faces a high burden of blindness and visual impairment, yet access to eyecare services remains limited, particularly in conflict-affected areas like Tigray. The two-year long war in Tigray has devastated healthcare infrastructure, further exacerbating [....] » Read More