Two autopsy studies of optic nerves from 76 eyes of abusive head trauma (AHT) suspects demonstrated block of orthograde axonal transport in the lamina cribrosa (LC) in 94% of cases by APP-A4 immunohistochemistry (IHC).1,2 APP-A4 is the only currently available IHC marker f [....] » Read More
Purpose: To assess the diagnostic usefulness of retinal nonperfusion to classify eyes based on diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity on OCT angiography (OCTA) and determine whether wider field of view (FOV) OCTA protocols enhance the diagnostic usefulness of retinal nonperfusio [....] » Read More
Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a rare, maternally inherited mitochondrial genetic disease with a high unmet medical need. Three primary point mutations in the mtDNA are responsible for LHON in 90% of subjects: G3460A, G11778A and T14484C, located respectively in the [....] » Read More
Ocular injuries are kind of common ocular disorders sndvtheur timely treatment is very important to prevent any kind of visual loss the type of ocular injuries are: Perforating, Non perforating, Blunt, Finger nail injuries, Chemical, R t a related eye injuries, Sports related, H [....] » Read More
Purpose: Large language models (LLMs) can accept text and image prompts as multimodal input. With implications for ophthalmology as a field, we evaluated the performance of several LLMs on relevant clinical vignette questions. Methods: We collected 100 cases of JAMA Ophthalmolog [....] » Read More
Purpose: Demographic representation in Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research (DRCR) studies is understudied and impacts the generalizability of results. This research aims to determine if the DRCR demographic data is representative of the United States (US) general diabetic popu [....] » Read More
Purpose: To evaluate the use of a novel software application downloadable on commercially available virtual reality (VR) headset in measuring ocular tropia. Methods: This study included 20 patients with ocular tropia. A masked ophthalmologist quantified the tropia using near and [....] » Read More
Purpose: To review consecutive cases of dislocated in the bag IOLs managed by the belt loop scleral fixation technique. Methods: Retrospective review of 71 consecutive cases managed using the belt loop scleral fixation scleral fixation technique. Results: 71 consecutive cases [....] » Read More
Introduction: This case study presents an adolescent patient with a complex ocular condition characterized by cystoid macular oedema (CMO) in both eyes (OU). The patient experienced significant diagnostic and management challenges, ultimately leading to the identification of [....] » Read More
Introduction: This case study presents an elderly patient with a complex history of ocular conditions, including diabetic macular edema (DMO). The patient experienced significant complications leading to severe pain and vision loss, highlighting the challenges in diagnosing [....] » Read More
Introduction and Aims: Keratoconus is the most common primary ectasia, progressive corneal ectasia in which central or paracentral thinning of the corneal stroma occurs, leading to steepening of the corneal surface and irregular astigmatism. Management of this condition is largel [....] » Read More
Introduction: Pars plana vitrectomy is a common surgical technique employed to allow access to the posterior segment to treat vitreoretinal conditions such as retinal detachments, macular holes and vitreous haemorrhage. NHS Grampian, as a health board responsible for over half a [....] » Read More
Background: Laser photocoagulation and/or intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections constitute the current standard treatment for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the efficacy and safety o [....] » Read More
Background: Pterygium is a common ocular surface disease. Recurrence is the greatest concern in the treatment of pterygium. Thus, a standardized and effective treatment modality with minimal risk for complications is needed for the management of pterygium. The aim of this systema [....] » Read More
Introduction: History has shown that restricted use of oxygen leads to higher mortality and neuro disability, whereas liberal usage is linked to ROP. With the upgradation of Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of a tertiary health care unit, the number of premature infants [....] » Read More
Design -Cross-sectional study Setting - Single center Participants - Ophthalmology trainees, OpenAI ChatGPT (GPT 3.5), Webmd, and Google Gemini Method Sixty Clinical Vignettes representating common ophthalmic conditions from Tertiary Care OPD were developed and a standardized pat [....] » Read More
A 22-year-old gentleman presented with a history of blurry vision and light sensitivity in both eyes. He had difficulty reading for the past two months. He denied any history of hyperhidrosis or anhidrosis. Clinical examination revealed that the basal diameter of both pupils was [....] » Read More
Corneal blindness contributes to approximately 1.5 to 2 million new cases of monocular blindness annually, primarily attributed to ocular trauma and infectious keratitis. Fungal keratitis represents around 50% of culture-positive infective keratitis cases in developing nations li [....] » Read More
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to compare the incidence and characteristics of ocular trauma in children presenting during pandemic to those in pre-pandemic era. Method: In this study, we retrospectively reviewed the charts of all children with ocular injuries prese [....] » Read More
Background: In this GP surgery in the past, patients were seen by both a GP doctor and optician prior to an ophthalmology referral. Due to the increased workload, referrals were then sent based purely on optician advice. The project was carried out to assess whether this pathway [....] » Read More
Background: Pan-retinal laser photocoagulation (PRP) is used in the management of diabetic retinopathy, aimed at preventing the growth of abnormal blood vessels in the retina and reducing the risk of vision loss. Absorption of laser occurs from pigment cells within the retina, wh [....] » Read More
Purpose: To educate beginner surgeons on dos and don'ts of performing lensectomy in microspherophakic subluxated lenses in children Setting/Venue: Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus Department, Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi Method: A 2-year-old child with [....] » Read More
Background: In a society obsessed with physical fitness, the trend has recently extended to our ocular health. This study delves into the novel world of extreme eye exercises which have seen a surge in many fitness circles in the US, and analyses their purported benefits on visua [....] » Read More
The increasing workload placed on the glaucoma service in Ireland has led to the implementation of a virtual glaucoma service in the country’s leading eye hospital. Briefly, those with stable glaucoma who require monitoring attend on a regular basis for visual acuity, IOP m [....] » Read More
Background: Thermal pulsation system is a new used therapy that uses heat and massage to treat dry eye disease; thus, some trials have been published to compare it with the conventional treatment. The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis comp [....] » Read More
Diffuse unilateral sub acute neuro retinitis (DUSN) characterized by progressive unilateral visual impairment caused by nematode infestation in the retina. Presenting a case where mobile live worm present in macular detachment and its multimodal imaging and management. Cas [....] » Read More
This study aimed to bring to light a case of non-syndromic Retinitis Pigmentosa in a middle-aged female. A 39 year-old female complained of blurred vision that started 3 years ago. It initially affected her distant vision, mainly in low-light conditions, followed by the involveme [....] » Read More
Introduction: Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) rip in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease is a rare complication with only one reported case so far. Method: Case reports on two patient who presented to Medical Retina referral centre with RPE rip following treatment for VKH. [....] » Read More
Purpose: Aim is to give an overview of different lensectomy techniques which can be utilized in various scenarios of subluxated lenses in children. Method: We present various lensectomy techniques with or without intraocular lens implantation in five pediatric [....] » Read More
Stickler Syndrome is an uncommon frequently undiagnosed multisystem collagenopathy with significant genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, a condition that carries a risk for significant ocular complications, ranging from severe myopia to retinal detachment and vision loss. System [....] » Read More
Title : Eyes and guts connection: Microbiomes and their role in ocular health
Edward Charles Kondrot, Healing the Eye Wellness Center, United States
The human microbiome, particularly the gut microbiota, has been increasingly recognized for its profound impact on overall health, including ocular health. This abstract explores the intricate relationship between the gut microbiome and the eye, highlighting emerging research tha [....] » Read More
Title : Why was Leonhard Euler blind?
John David Bullock, Wright State University, United States
Leonhard Euler was one of the most eminent mathematicians of all time. In 1735, he developed right periocular swelling, partial loss of vision, and the onset of lifelong recurrent fevers from a heretofore-unknown affliction. Three years later, he developed an infection in the rig [....] » Read More
Title : A factorial randomized controlled trial of tissue plasminogen activator and/or perfluoropropane for the treatment of submacular hemorrhage secondary to neovascular age-related macular degeneration (TAPAS)
Tim Jackson, King’s College London, United Kingdom
Aim: To consider the presentation, management options, and randomised controlled trials investigating submacular haemorrhage (SMH) secondary to neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), with a focus on the use of tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) and pneumatic dis [....] » Read More
Title : Monovision cataract surgery made simple
Shadrokh Nabili, University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
Background: The demand for presbyopia-correcting IOLs (intraocular lenses) at the time of cataract surgery is increasing. An alternative to implanting these lenses is monovision cataract surgery. Although it has limitations, it may be offered to patients as an option. This i [....] » Read More
Title : An innovative in vitro human-based millifluidic platform as useful tool to underlying mechanisms of neurodegeneration in glaucoma
Anna Maria Bassi, University of Genoa, Italy
Several neurodegenerative diseases, including glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration all involve retinal cell death. Neuroprotection is an important goal for the prevention and treatment of neurodegeneration. To this end, having reliable experimental [....] » Read More
Title : Diagnostic ability of optical coherence tomography angiography vessel density parameters in primary open-angle glaucoma cases
Burak Ozturk, Cukurova University Hospital, United Kingdom
Purpose: To evaluate the findings of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) vessel density parameters in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and investigate both diagnostic performance of OCTA and correlations between control group and patients at diffe [....] » Read More
Title : Visual snow syndrome: Unraveling a mysterious visual disorder
Oliwia Kamieniecka, Medical Univeristy of Warsaw, Poland
Visual Snow Syndrome (VSS) is a neurological disorder characterized by persistent visual disturbances, most notably a continuous “visual snow” or static across the visual field, which can profoundly impact quality of life. In addition to the primary symptom of visual [....] » Read More
Title : Fresh human myopic lenticule intrastromal implantation for keratoconus using smile surgery in a long-term follow-up study: Ultrastructural analysis by transmission electron microscopy
Faruk Semiz, Eye Hospital, Albania
Purpose: To investigate new intrastromal histological structures that develop after myopic human lenticular implantation in keratoconus with femtosecond laser–assisted small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) surgery using transmission electron microscopy. Methods: Sixt [....] » Read More
Title : GB10, a best-in-class antibody fusion protein targeting VEGF/Ang-2, exhibits promising therapeutic efficacy for neovascular eye diseases
Suofu Qin, Kexing Biopharm Co., Ltd., China
In clinical practice, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapies have been successfully applied to patients with neovascular eye diseases. However, unmet clinical needs have not yet been fully addressed, as about 20% of patients do not response to anti-VEGF mo [....] » Read More
Title : Enhancing patient experience: A study of modified manual irrigation ICL implantation vs. smile
Khan Muhammad Ahmad, Aier Eye Hospital Group, China
This study aims to assess the intraoperative experiences of patients undergoing a modified manual irrigation implantable collamer lens (MI-ICL) implantation technique in comparison to femtosecond laser small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE). A customized questionnaire, devel [....] » Read More
Title : Comparative evaluation of single-incision ICL implantation with and without ophthalmic viscosurgical devices: Implications for postoperative IOP and visual outcomes
Khan Muhammad Ahmad, Aier Eye Hospital Group, China
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a single-incision intraocular lens (ICL) implantation technique with and without use of ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (OVDs), focusing on postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP) changes and visual outcomes. Methods: This stud [....] » Read More
Title : Colour doppler imaging of ocular circulation in diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy
Aakriti Agarwal, Hamdard Institute of Higher Education and Research, India
Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication in Diabetic patients and the leading global cause of vision loss in working middle-aged adults. Exposure to hyperglycaemia over an extended period and duration of diabetes are the most common risk f [....] » Read More
Title : Understanding the basics of DSAEK
Sarita Agarwal, Santosh Medical College and Hospital, India
Descemet's Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSAEK) is a posterior lamellar keratoplasty technique that specifically targets corneal endothelial dysfunction. It involves replacing the recipient's diseased or dysfunctional endothelium with a thin donor corneal [....] » Read More
Title : Navigating the diagnostic maze: A case report of immunoglobulin G4-related disease
Muhammad Ayub Khan, Saidu Group of Teaching Hospital, Pakistan
Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic fibroinflammatory condition characterized by significant infiltration of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-positive plasma cells within affected tissues, with or without elevated serum IgG4 levels. The prevalence of IgG4-RD re [....] » Read More
Title : Outcomes and complications of anterior capsule tear following phacoemulsification cataract surgery
Zahra Akbari, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Background: We aimed to present the outcomes and complications following phacoemulsification cataract surgery complicated by anterior capsule tears. Methods: This study prospectively included patients who had phacoemulsification cataract surgery with anterior capsule tears. The [....] » Read More
Title : Effects of phacoemulsification, viscosynechiolysis, and trabeculectomy on recent cases with acute primary angle closure
Zahra Akbari, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Purpose: To investigate the differences in the effects of phacoemulsification, viscosynechiolysis, and Trabeculectomy on cases with a recent history of Acute Primary Angle Closure (APAC). Methods: Patients with cataracts, Peripheral Anterior Synechia (PAS), and a history of APAC [....] » Read More
Title : Characteristics of peripheral retinal refraction and its role in children with different refractive states
Yanhua Wang, Shanxi Aier Eye Hospital, China
Objective: Peripheral retinal refraction plays a crucial role in myopia, but the specific mechanism is not clear. We refined the retinal partitions to explore the characteristics of peripheral retinal refraction in emmetropic, low and moderate myopic children aged 6 to 12 years o [....] » Read More
Title : Short-term efficacy of defocus spectacle lenses in controlling myopia in children using multispectral refracion topographer
Yaning Chen, Baoding Aier Eye Hospital, China
Purpose: The aim of this article was to investigate the changes in peripheral retinal defocus in children wearing defocus spectacle lenses and to evaluate its relationship with axial growth. Methods: A total of 200 myopic children aged 8-14 who visited our hospital in [....] » Read More
Title : Role of anterior segment optical coherence tomography in detecting subtle kayser fleischer ring
Asad Hussain, AIIMS, India
Case Description: A 70-year-old female presented to the neurology clinic with complaints of bilateral symmetrical hand tremor since three years and head tremor since six months. The patient had a family history of Wilson disease. She was referred to the ophthalmology clinic to sc [....] » Read More
Title : Clinical efficacy and comparative evaluation of topical caspofungin vs Topical natamycin in fungal keratitis
Vanditaa Agarwal, AIIMS, India
Purpose: To compare the clinical Efficacy of Topical Caspofungin vs Topical Natamycin in Fungal Keratitis. Methods: Randomised Comparative Trial (Pilot study) of 20 eyes of 20 patients with fungal kerat [....] » Read More
Title : Mode of delivery in women at risk of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: A systematic review
Mariam Salah Muhamed Salah Abdulhafiz, Cairo University, Egypt
Background: Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is essentially a tear in the retina leading to vitreous humor accumulation behind it. Despite lacking guidelines contraindicating vaginal delivery for RRD risk, many doctors may recommend cesarean sections due to reported [....] » Read More
Title : Structure-function correlation in immune-mediated retinal diseases
Nicole Ang, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
Purpose: To investigate the relationship of retinal structure as measured on optical coherence tomography (OCT), to retinal function as assessed by electrophysiology, consisting of pattern (pERG) and full-field electroretinogram (ffERG), in patients with Immune-mediated Reti [....] » Read More
Title : Fabrication of chondroitin sulfate functionalized albumin nanoparticles with taurine and necrostatin for targeted glaucoma treatment
Haroon Iqbal, Wenzhou Medical University, China
Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, characterized by progressive vision loss due to the selective damage to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their axons. Oxidative stress is generally believed as one key factor of RGCs death. Recently, necroptosis [....] » Read More
Title : Evaluation and implementation of a probing model for nasolacrimal duct probing simulation: A pilot study in ophthalmology residents
Saralee Theerakulpisut, Prince of Songkla university, Thailand
Introduction: Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) is a leading cause of epiphora in children, commonly treated through probing. Traditional training methods, which involve hands-on practice with pediatric patients, face limitations due to ethical concerns and limited [....] » Read More
Title : Navigating the complexity of MacTel: A case report
Aakriti Agarwal, Hamdard Institute of Higher Education and Research, India
Aims/ Purpose: To report a patient with bilateral macular telangiectasia Methods: Patient came to the eye OPD with complaints of diminution of vision of both eyes Results: A 50 year old female came to the eye OPD with gradual, painless diminution of vision both eyes. She had no [....] » Read More
Title : An interesting case of CMV anterior uveitis
Meghna Ghodarope, Santosh Medical College and Hospital, India
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) anterior uveitis is the predominant ocular manifestation of CMV in immunocompetent individuals, typically arising from local reactivation of latent CMV and usually presents unilaterally. Characterized by mild anterior chamber inflammation, elevated intraocul [....] » Read More
Title : Case report: Orbital trauma mimicking globe rupture: A case of preserved vision
Piyush Jain, Maharaja Krushna Chandra Gajapati Medical College, India
This case report describes a 38-year-old male who presented with significant orbital trauma following an injury by a wooden object. Despite a concerning CT scan suggesting right globe rupture, surgical exploration revealed an extraconal foreign body with an intact globe. This r [....] » Read More
Title : Retinal injury from accidental laser exposure: A case report
Muhammad Saad Abbas, Aga Khan University, Pakistan
A 31-year-old female dermatologist reported visual disturbances, including haziness and floaters in her left eye, after accidental exposure to a picosecond laser. Initial ophthalmologic evaluation revealed a visual acuity of 20/25 in both eyes, with normal intraocular pressure an [....] » Read More
Title : Deep learning convolutional neural network diabetic retinopathy detection using gaussian filter preprocessing
Noor Dalahma, University of Jordan, Jordan
Background: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a severe complication of diabetes that affects retinal blood vessels and can lead to blindness. The Middle East faces a significant public health challenge due to the high prevalence of DR among diabetics, with rates reaching up to 64% in [....] » Read More
Title : Prevalence of dry eye among university students and its associated factors
Sirashat Hanvivattanakul, Thammasat University Hospital, Thailand
Background: Dry eye disease (DED) is one of the most prevalent eye conditions. DED can manifest as a variety of ocular symptoms, hence significantly impairing the quality of life of individuals. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of dry eye sympt [....] » Read More
Title : Exploring contact lens usage and prevalence of hordeolum among Thai university students: A multicenter study
Sirashat Hanvivattanakul, Thammasat University Hospital, Thailand
Background: Contact lens (CL) are increasingly popular among the newer generations. However, the association between hordeolum and CL usage is still limited. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in two large Thai public universities through online survey. Participant d [....] » Read More
Title : A case of waardenburg syndrome type 1 without deafness
Bright Owusu Prempeh, Anglican eye clinic, Ghana
Purpose: Waardenburg Syndrome is a congenital disease characterised by a white forelock with premature greying of the hair, broad nasal root, eyes of different colours due to heterochromia irides, bushy eye brows with synophrys, hypertelorism, depigmented dermal patches and [....] » Read More